#Git下载构建Linux
在本文中，我将介绍如何使用 Git 从官方仓库下载最新版 Linux 内核源码，然后进行配置、编译构建并安装。无论你是开发者、系统管理员还是 Linux 爱好者，这篇文章都能为你提供详细的步骤。
#源代码下载
Linux 内核源码托管在 kernel.org 的 Git 仓库中。 Linux 的最新版本是 mainline 。 进入官网，点击 mainline 行的browse。 点击summary，获取最新 linux 版本的 Git 地址。
打开终端，执行以下命令开始克隆内核源码（仓库体积较大，可能需要较长时间）：
git clone https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git提示：克隆完成后，所有历史提交记录都会下载到本地。如果只想获取最新的代码，可以使用
--depth参数来进行浅克隆git clone --depth=1 https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
进入下载好的源码目录：
cd linux#配置内核源码
在开始编译之前，需要对内核进行配置。可以选择图形界面配置或基于已有配置文件的方式进行设置。
#图形界面配置
确保安装了必要的依赖（libncurses5-dev 或 libncurses-dev），然后运行：
make menuconfig#使用现有配置文件
你可以复制当前系统正在使用的内核配置文件，然后更新配置：
cp /boot/config-$(uname -r) .config
make oldconfig在配置过程中，根据需要启用或禁用内核选项。大多数用户保留默认配置即可。
#生成arm64配置
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- defconfig#编译与构建内核
配置完成后，就可以编译内核。编译过程需要一些时间，这取决于你的硬件性能和选择的配置选项。
使用以下命令启动编译，-j$(nproc) 参数会自动利用所有 CPU 核心，加速编译过程：
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- -j6编译结束后，你会在源码目录下看到编译生成的各类目标文件和模块。
#运行内核
使用命令运行编译后的内核
qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -cpu cortex-a53 -nographic -smp 1 -m 2048 -kernel arch/arm64/boot/Image可以看到启动成功，但是没有挂载上文件系统，就kernel panic
❯ qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -cpu cortex-a53 -nographic -smp 1 -m 2048 -kernel arch/arm64/boot/Image
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0000000000 [0x410fd034]
[ 0.000000] Linux version 6.14.0-rc5-00013-g99fa936e8e4f (frey@wsl) (aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc (GCC) 14.2.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.43) #2 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 10 22:25:13 CST 2025
[ 0.000000] KASLR enabled
[ 0.000000] random: crng init done
[ 0.000000] Machine model: linux,dummy-virt
[ 0.000000] efi: UEFI not found.
[ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: Reserved memory: No reserved-memory node in the DT
[ 0.000000] NUMA: Faking a node at [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] NODE_DATA(0) allocated [mem 0xbfbfb980-0xbfbfdfbf]
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] DMA32 empty
[ 0.000000] Normal empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000040000000-0x00000000bfffffff]
[ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 32 MiB at 0x00000000bba00000 on node -1
[ 0.000000] psci: probing for conduit method from DT.
[ 0.000000] psci: PSCIv1.1 detected in firmware.
[ 0.000000] psci: Using standard PSCI v0.2 function IDs
[ 0.000000] psci: Trusted OS migration not required
[ 0.000000] psci: SMC Calling Convention v1.0
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 25 pages/cpu s61592 r8192 d32616 u102400
[ 0.000000] Detected VIPT I-cache on CPU0
[ 0.000000] CPU features: kernel page table isolation forced ON by KASLR
[ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: Kernel page table isolation (KPTI)
[ 0.000000] CPU features: detected: ARM erratum 845719
[ 0.000000] alternatives: applying boot alternatives
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line:
[ 0.000000] printk: log buffer data + meta data: 131072 + 458752 = 589824 bytes
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9, 2097152 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8, 1048576 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Fallback order for Node 0: 0
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 524288
[ 0.000000] Policy zone: DMA
[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:all(zero), heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB: SWIOTLB bounce buffer size adjusted to 2MB
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB: area num 1.
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x00000000bb600000-0x00000000bb800000] (2MB)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] rcu: Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU event tracing is enabled.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=512 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.000000] Trampoline variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[ 0.000000] Tracing variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
[ 0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1
[ 0.000000] RCU Tasks: Setting shift to 0 and lim to 1 rcu_task_cb_adjust=1 rcu_task_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.000000] RCU Tasks Trace: Setting shift to 0 and lim to 1 rcu_task_cb_adjust=1 rcu_task_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
[ 0.000000] Root IRQ handler: gic_handle_irq
[ 0.000000] GICv2m: range[mem 0x08020000-0x08020fff], SPI[80:143]
[ 0.000000] rcu: srcu_init: Setting srcu_struct sizes based on contention.
[ 0.000000] arch_timer: cp15 timer(s) running at 62.50MHz (virt).
[ 0.000000] clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0x1ffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1cd42e208c, max_idle_ns: 881590405314 ns
[ 0.000061] sched_clock: 57 bits at 63MHz, resolution 16ns, wraps every 4398046511096ns
[ 0.010953] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
[ 0.011631] printk: legacy console [tty0] enabled
[ 0.016729] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 125.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=250000)
[ 0.016954] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.018494] LSM: initializing lsm=capability
[ 0.021314] Mount-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[ 0.021419] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[ 0.052601] cacheinfo: Unable to detect cache hierarchy for CPU 0
[ 0.073827] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[ 0.073945] rcu: Max phase no-delay instances is 1000.
[ 0.082111] EFI services will not be available.
[ 0.082833] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.084629] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
[ 0.084720] SMP: Total of 1 processors activated.
[ 0.084770] CPU: All CPU(s) started at EL1
[ 0.085034] CPU features: detected: 32-bit EL0 Support
[ 0.085072] CPU features: detected: 32-bit EL1 Support
[ 0.085161] CPU features: detected: CRC32 instructions
[ 0.099130] alternatives: applying system-wide alternatives
[ 0.123449] Memory: 1978696K/2097152K available (17728K kernel code, 5150K rwdata, 12208K rodata, 3072K init, 744K bss, 82340K reserved, 32768K cma-reserved)
[ 0.152982] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.178128] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
[ 0.178750] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.182446] 2G module region forced by RANDOMIZE_MODULE_REGION_FULL
[ 0.182559] 0 pages in range for non-PLT usage
[ 0.182617] 514496 pages in range for PLT usage
[ 0.186387] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[ 0.196332] DMI not present or invalid.
[ 0.219290] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
[ 0.230164] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB GFP_KERNEL pool for atomic allocations
[ 0.231152] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA pool for atomic allocations
[ 0.232221] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA32 pool for atomic allocations
[ 0.232649] audit: initializing netlink subsys (disabled)
[ 0.237149] audit: type=2000 audit(0.208:1): state=initialized audit_enabled=0 res=1
[ 0.242673] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise'
[ 0.242743] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'power_allocator'
[ 0.243272] cpuidle: using governor menu
[ 0.244689] hw-breakpoint: found 6 breakpoint and 4 watchpoint registers.
[ 0.245377] ASID allocator initialised with 32768 entries
[ 0.252209] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
[ 0.316980] 9000000.pl011: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x9000000 (irq = 13, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
[ 0.318820] printk: legacy console [ttyAMA0] enabled
[ 0.407534] HugeTLB: registered 1.00 GiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 0.408045] HugeTLB: 0 KiB vmemmap can be freed for a 1.00 GiB page
[ 0.408352] HugeTLB: registered 32.0 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 0.408691] HugeTLB: 0 KiB vmemmap can be freed for a 32.0 MiB page
[ 0.409266] HugeTLB: registered 2.00 MiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 0.410754] HugeTLB: 0 KiB vmemmap can be freed for a 2.00 MiB page
[ 0.411163] HugeTLB: registered 64.0 KiB page size, pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 0.411589] HugeTLB: 0 KiB vmemmap can be freed for a 64.0 KiB page
[ 0.422530] ACPI: Interpreter disabled.
[ 0.429665] iommu: Default domain type: Translated
[ 0.429974] iommu: DMA domain TLB invalidation policy: strict mode
[ 0.432015] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 0.434719] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.435215] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.435988] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 0.438373] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[ 0.438699] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[ 0.439186] PTP clock support registered
[ 0.439959] EDAC MC: Ver: 3.0.0
[ 0.441633] scmi_core: SCMI protocol bus registered
[ 0.451134] FPGA manager framework
[ 0.452112] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
[ 0.466163] vgaarb: loaded
[ 0.468516] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter
[ 0.473167] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.6.0
[ 0.473598] VFS: Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
[ 0.475572] pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled
[ 0.498996] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
[ 0.500966] IP idents hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.508950] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 1024 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.509902] Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.510513] TCP established hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[ 0.511574] TCP bind hash table entries: 16384 (order: 7, 524288 bytes, linear)
[ 0.513749] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 16384 bind 16384)
[ 0.515960] UDP hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[ 0.517155] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[ 0.518956] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
[ 0.533079] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[ 0.533441] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[ 0.533611] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[ 0.533846] RPC: Registered tcp-with-tls transport module.
[ 0.534094] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[ 0.534610] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64
[ 0.536824] kvm [1]: HYP mode not available
[ 0.546413] Initialise system trusted keyrings
[ 0.548140] workingset: timestamp_bits=42 max_order=19 bucket_order=0
[ 0.551637] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[ 0.554195] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[ 0.554994] Key type id_resolver registered
[ 0.555354] Key type id_legacy registered
[ 0.555904] nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...
[ 0.557397] nfs4flexfilelayout_init: NFSv4 Flexfile Layout Driver Registering...
[ 0.558893] 9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
[ 0.626086] Key type asymmetric registered
[ 0.626427] Asymmetric key parser 'x509' registered
[ 0.627092] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 245)
[ 0.627747] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[ 0.628482] io scheduler kyber registered
[ 0.629287] io scheduler bfq registered
[ 0.655255] pl061_gpio 9030000.pl061: PL061 GPIO chip registered
[ 0.659715] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
[ 0.664721] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: host bridge /pcie@10000000 ranges:
[ 0.665863] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: IO 0x003eff0000..0x003effffff -> 0x0000000000
[ 0.667013] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: MEM 0x0010000000..0x003efeffff -> 0x0010000000
[ 0.667599] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: MEM 0x8000000000..0xffffffffff -> 0x8000000000
[ 0.669366] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: Memory resource size exceeds max for 32 bits
[ 0.671053] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: ECAM at [mem 0x4010000000-0x401fffffff] for [bus 00-ff]
[ 0.673373] pci-host-generic 4010000000.pcie: PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
[ 0.674164] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
[ 0.674582] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x0000-0xffff]
[ 0.674966] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x10000000-0x3efeffff]
[ 0.675380] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x8000000000-0xffffffffff]
[ 0.677876] pci 0000:00:00.0: [1b36:0008] type 00 class 0x060000 conventional PCI endpoint
[ 0.684199] pci 0000:00:01.0: [1af4:1000] type 00 class 0x020000 conventional PCI endpoint
[ 0.685457] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0 [io 0x0000-0x001f]
[ 0.685782] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 1 [mem 0x00000000-0x00000fff]
[ 0.686634] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 4 [mem 0x00000000-0x00003fff 64bit pref]
[ 0.687649] pci 0000:00:01.0: ROM [mem 0x00000000-0x0003ffff pref]
[ 0.690778] pci 0000:00:01.0: ROM [mem 0x10000000-0x1003ffff pref]: assigned
[ 0.691667] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 4 [mem 0x8000000000-0x8000003fff 64bit pref]: assigned
[ 0.692282] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 1 [mem 0x10040000-0x10040fff]: assigned
[ 0.693232] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0 [io 0x1000-0x101f]: assigned
[ 0.693941] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 4 [io 0x0000-0xffff]
[ 0.694504] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 5 [mem 0x10000000-0x3efeffff]
[ 0.695383] pci_bus 0000:00: resource 6 [mem 0x8000000000-0xffffffffff]
[ 0.758592] virtio-pci 0000:00:01.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0003)
[ 0.776913] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
[ 0.786524] msm_serial: driver initialized
[ 0.787566] SuperH (H)SCI(F) driver initialized
[ 0.788711] STM32 USART driver initialized
[ 0.817222] loop: module loaded
[ 0.819956] megasas: 07.727.03.00-rc1
[ 0.825879] physmap-flash 0.flash: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x00000000-0x03ffffff]
[ 0.828468] 0.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
[ 0.829623] Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
[ 0.831260] Using buffer write method
[ 0.832620] physmap-flash 0.flash: physmap platform flash device: [mem 0x04000000-0x07ffffff]
[ 0.834380] 0.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
[ 0.835111] Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
[ 0.836804] Using buffer write method
[ 0.837322] Concatenating MTD devices:
[ 0.837526] (0): "0.flash"
[ 0.837692] (1): "0.flash"
[ 0.837952] into device "0.flash"
[ 0.865829] tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6
[ 0.883830] thunder_xcv, ver 1.0
[ 0.884214] thunder_bgx, ver 1.0
[ 0.884944] nicpf, ver 1.0
[ 0.887822] hns3: Hisilicon Ethernet Network Driver for Hip08 Family - version
[ 0.888112] hns3: Copyright (c) 2017 Huawei Corporation.
[ 0.888873] hclge is initializing
[ 0.889266] e1000: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver
[ 0.889509] e1000: Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.890006] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver
[ 0.890429] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.891030] igb: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver
[ 0.891574] igb: Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.892397] igbvf: Intel(R) Gigabit Virtual Function Network Driver
[ 0.893067] igbvf: Copyright (c) 2009 - 2012 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.894384] sky2: driver version 1.30
[ 0.899286] VFIO - User Level meta-driver version: 0.3
[ 0.908820] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 0.920923] rtc-pl031 9010000.pl031: registered as rtc0
[ 0.921877] rtc-pl031 9010000.pl031: setting system clock to 2025-03-11T12:15:46 UTC (1741695346)
[ 0.924773] i2c_dev: i2c /dev entries driver
[ 0.941260] sdhci: Secure Digital Host Controller Interface driver
[ 0.941587] sdhci: Copyright(c) Pierre Ossman
[ 0.943342] Synopsys Designware Multimedia Card Interface Driver
[ 0.946224] sdhci-pltfm: SDHCI platform and OF driver helper
[ 0.955270] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 0.955680] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 0.966204] hw perfevents: enabled with armv8_pmuv3 PMU driver, 7 (0,8000003f) counters available
[ 0.981580] NET: Registered PF_PACKET protocol family
[ 0.983268] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
[ 0.983923] Key type dns_resolver registered
[ 1.006902] registered taskstats version 1
[ 1.009045] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
[ 1.028728] Demotion targets for Node 0: null
[ 1.039448] input: gpio-keys as /devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0
[ 1.049892] clk: Disabling unused clocks
[ 1.050371] PM: genpd: Disabling unused power domains
[ 1.050995] ALSA device list:
[ 1.051202] No soundcards found.
[ 1.060111] /dev/root: Can't open blockdev
[ 1.061434] VFS: Cannot open root device "" or unknown-block(0,0): error -6
[ 1.062042] Please append a correct "root=" boot option; here are the available partitions:
[ 1.062782] 1f00 131072 mtdblock0
[ 1.062885] (driver?)
[ 1.063616] List of all bdev filesystems:
[ 1.064152] ext3
[ 1.064179] ext2
[ 1.064706] ext4
[ 1.064930] squashfs
[ 1.065135] vfat
[ 1.065504]
[ 1.066044] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
[ 1.067317] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 6.14.0-rc5-00013-g99fa936e8e4f #2
[ 1.067962] Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)
[ 1.069456] Call trace:
[ 1.069861] show_stack+0x18/0x24 (C)
[ 1.070978] dump_stack_lvl+0x60/0x80
[ 1.071317] dump_stack+0x18/0x24
[ 1.071691] panic+0x168/0x360
[ 1.072154] mount_root_generic+0x1f8/0x2b0
[ 1.072603] mount_root+0x208/0x248
[ 1.072918] prepare_namespace+0x1d8/0x240
[ 1.073664] kernel_init_freeable+0x254/0x278
[ 1.074329] kernel_init+0x20/0x140
[ 1.074665] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
[ 1.075455] Kernel Offset: 0x518503000000 from 0xffff800080000000
[ 1.076354] PHYS_OFFSET: 0xfff0f0e3c0000000
[ 1.076753] CPU features: 0x000,00000900,00800000,0200421b
[ 1.077146] Memory Limit: none
[ 1.078023] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) ]---#添加根文件系统
#配置内核支持
勾选上RAM block device support，也即CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=y
Device Drivers --->
[*] Block devices --->
<M> RAM block device support
(16) Default number of RAM disks
(4096) Default RAM disk size (kbytes) (NEW)重新编译
make ARCH=arm64 CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- -j6#制作根文件系统
创建一个文件夹initramfs作为系统根目录，然后创建一个可执行程序`init.c
// initramfs/init.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main()
{
printf("hello world!\n");
int count = 0;
while (1) {
printf("count: %d\n", count++);
sleep(1);
}
return 0;
}编程生成init启动文件
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc init.c -o init -static使用cpio打包文件系统
find . | cpio -o -H newc | gzip > initramfs.cpio.gz#运行带有跟文件系统的内核
qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt -cpu cortex-a53 -nographic -smp 1 -m 2048 -kernel arch/arm64/boot/Image -append "root=/dev/ram0 rootfstype=ramfs rw init=/init" -initrd initramfs.cpio.gz按下Ctrl + a键，然后按下x键推出qemu
...
[ 2.001303] Key type dns_resolver registered
[ 2.045796] registered taskstats version 1
[ 2.049218] Loading compiled-in X.509 certificates
[ 2.079850] Demotion targets for Node 0: null
[ 2.098945] input: gpio-keys as /devices/platform/gpio-keys/input/input0
[ 2.116717] clk: Disabling unused clocks
[ 2.117571] PM: genpd: Disabling unused power domains
[ 2.118599] ALSA device list:
[ 2.120375] No soundcards found.
[ 2.192567] Freeing unused kernel memory: 3072K
[ 2.194741] Run /init as init process
hello world!
count: 0
count: 1
count: 2
count: 3
count: 4
count: 5
QEMU: Terminated#qemu参数解释
-machine virt：指定qemu模拟的设备，这里就是指一个通用的armv8架构的芯片-cpu cortex-a53：指定具体的核心-nographic：表示启动时没有图形界面-smp 1：设置该设备只有1个核-m 2048：表示设置该设备有2048MB的内存-kernel arch/arm64/boot/Image：指定用于启动的内核文件-initrd initramfs.cpio.gz：表示指定使用这个文件作为ramfs的内容，也即我们自己生成的根文件系统-append "root=/dev/ram0 rootfstype=ramfs rw init=/init：表示了传递给内核的参数root表示根文件系统的设备为/dev/ram0, 除此之外制定了文件系统的类型是ramfsinit表示系统启动的第一个进程名称，内核会从文件系统中加载该进程去执行